A cross-section of a human long bone reveals several key structures.
Diaphysis: The central, elongated part of the bone.
Composed mainly of compact bone tissue, providing strength and support.
Epiphyses: The ends of the long bone, which are usually enlarged. Covered with articular cartilage, allowing smooth movement at the joints.
Metaphysis: The area between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
Contains the growth plate (in growing individuals), which is responsible for bone elongation.
Bone marrow: Red marrow: Produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Yellow marrow: Mainly composed of fat, it replaces red marrow with age.
Examples of long bones
Femur (thigh)
Tibia (shin)
Humerus (arm)